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Max Katten

(1892 Bonn -1957 London)


In the book 'Der Schulchan-Aruch und die Rabbinen über das Verhältniß der Juden zu Andersgläubigen' (Berlin 1894) we find the handwritten entry

Max Katten 1922 [1921 was overwritten/corrected]

Max Katten was born in Bonn-Poppelsdorf in 1892. After graduating from high school in Bonn, Katten first studied economics, philosophy and oriental languages in Marburg. After two semesters he moved to Breslau, where he continued his studies at the local university and the Rabbinical Seminary. During the First World War he was employed as a security guard at the Danish border. In 1919 he could continue his studies. In 1922 he changed to the University of Gießen to prepare his dissertation with the Orientalist Paul Kahle. At the same time he passed his rabbinical examination in Breslau. After his doctorate in 1924 he took over the office of rabbi in Görlitz, where he worked until 1929. Afterwards he became district rabbi in Bamberg, succeeding Dr. F. S. Rülf.

After the pogrom night Katten was one of 170 arrested Jewish men who had been deported to Dachau. After six weeks of maltreatment he was released and soon after decided to flee to England. He did so in spring 1939 together with his two children. His wife Vilma followed him a little later. Vilma Katten was the daughter of Rabbi Michael Guttmann, who taught for several years in the Budapest Rabbinical Seminary and was its director until the Nazis closed the institution. Between these two offices he taught at the Breslau Rabbinical Seminary (1921-1938). Presumably Max Katten also met Guttmann's daughter Vilma there as a graduate.

Max Katten's mother Nanni was still living in Bavaria when she urged her son to leave the country. (Katten's father already died in 1901). Vilma Katten (Max's wife) persuaded her husband to take the children and fly to London in March 1939. Vilma then settled her mother-in-law Nanni into an old age home believing that she would be safe. This was not the case. From Regensburg/Nuremberg she was deported to Theresienstadt and died there a few months later. As cause of death on 05.03.1943 old age was attested.
It can therefore be assumed that the Germans came into the old age home and moved her along with other residents to murder them in Theresienstadt.
Vilma arrived in London - to join her husband and children - at the end of August 1939 just days before the start of World War II.

After the liberation of the Theresienstadt ghetto, Leo Baeck and other emigrated rabbis founded a liberal teacher and rabbi seminary in London based on the German model. Max Katten was one of the rabbis significantly involved in this.

Katten died in London in 1957 and survived his daughter Marianne, who had already died in 1952. He left behind his wife Vilma and his son Hans/John. In July 2020 we restituted Max Katten's book to his daughter-in-law and his three grandchildren in Great Britain and Israel.

How did the book end up in the estate of Emil Davidovic? Two hypotheses can be considered here:

  1. Katten and his family travelled to London with only the bare necessities. Presumably he left his entire household with his mother Nanni Katten in Bavaria. If she carried this book with her on her deportation to Theresienstadt, it would be plausible that it appeared in Davidovic's estate.
  2. Davidovic's estate contains, among other things, a book with the ex-libris of the London Liberal Jewish Synagogue Library. We know that he and his mentor Gustav Sicher had good contacts with German and Czechoslovak rabbis in the post-war period, who were now active in the USA and Canada. In addition to the above-mentioned book, there are other references that also lead to England. So it is also conceivable that some books were sent from London to Prague as gifts. There are also hints that suggest possible contacts to the Czechoslovak exile government in London.


Acknowledgements

In the search for heirs we were once again able to count on the invaluable help of Anne Webber from the Commission for Looted Art in Europe.


Selected sources

http://www.steinheim-institut.de:50580/cgi-bin/bhr?id=2285

Zajdband, Astrid: German rabbis in British exile. From 'Heimat' into the unknown, Boston; Berlin 2016. (The corresponding dissertation titled "German Rabbis in British Exile and their influence on Judaism in Britain": http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/54352/1/Zajdband%2C_Astrid.pdf )

Rott, Joachim: Max Katten (1892–1957) - ein Rabbiner aus Poppelsdorf. Eine biografische Skizze, Bonner Geschichtsblätter 68 (2018), p. 291-300.

Link to the book in the database Looted Cultural Assets.



(Text: Ph. Zschommler)

Die Titelseite des Buches mit der Unterschrift Max Kattens. Des weiteren ist der Text der Titelseite: Der Schulchan Aruch und die Rabbiner über das Verhältniss der Juden zu Andersgläubigen. von Dr. D. Hoffmann, Docent am Rabbiner-Seminar zu Berlin. Zweite vermehrte und verbesserte Auflage. Berlin 1894 Verlag der Expedition der "Jüdischen Presse".

HFJS-Heidelberg
Photo of Rabbi Max Katten at his desk, 1936
Rabbi Max Katten (LBI New York)
Leo Baeck Institute New York, Max Katten Collection AR 3071, unknown photographer
Selbstbeschreibung des Künstlers: Mein Vater war Rabbiner von Bamberg, Deutschland, wo die jüdische Gemeinde über achthundert Jahre lang bestand. In der Nacht des 9. November 1938 sah ich unsere wunderschöne Synagoge in Flammen stehen mit ihrem edlen Turm, der den Himmel erleuchtet. Ich war zehn Jahre alt und der Anblick verließ mich nie. In der darauffolgenden Nacht wurde mein Vater zusammen mit allen anderen Bamberger Juden in das Konzentrationslager Dachau gebracht. Diese Ereignisse schildere ich in meinem Gemälde, das die Turmspitzen des gotischen Doms zu Bamberg hinter der brennenden Synagoge zeigt. Meine Eltern, meine Schwester und ich fanden 1939 Zuflucht in England, wo ich die meiste Zeit meines Lebens verbrachte. Meine Eltern und meine Schwester starben in London – mein Gemälde enthält ihre Grabsteine. Ich heiratete Brenda – wir sind gesegnet mit drei Kindern und acht Enkelkindern. Wir erfüllten uns unseren Traum, nach Israel zu kommen, wo das Licht hell und die Sonne stark ist. Das Bild zeigt uns am Strand, wie wir unsere Enkel beim Spielen beobachten. Gerade als Noah die Taube aussandte, um zu bestätigen, dass die Sintflut beendet war und einen Regenbogen sah, kam auch ich aus der Dunkelheit zum Licht.
Max Katten's son Hans, later John Katten (1928-2019) experienced the fire of the Bamberg synagogue and the arrest of his father when he was ten years old. In addition to his work as an architect, he later began to process his experiences in painting. We would like to thank his wife and his children for allowing us to show three of his paintings here. John Katten himself wrote about this painting with the title "My Story" (oil on canvas, 60x70 cm):
My father was the Rabbi of Bamberg, Germany, where the Jewish community existed for over eight hundred years.
On the night of November 9th 1938 I saw our beautiful Synagogue in flames with its noble tower illuminating the sky. I was ten years old and the sight never left me. The following night my father, together with all the other Jewish men of Bamberg, was taken to the Dachau Concentration Camp. These events I record in my painting showing the spires of the Gothic Cathedral of Bamberg behind the burning Synagogue.
My parents, sister and I managed to find refuge in England in 1939 where I spent most of my life. Both my parents and sister died in London – my painting includes their gravestones.
I married Brenda – we ae blessed with three children and eight grandchildren. We fulfilled our dream to come to live in Israel where the light is bright and the sun is strong. The painting shows us on the beach enjoying watching our grandchildren at play.
Just as Noah sent out the dove to confirm the flood had ended and saw a rainbow I also came from darkness to light.
John Katten & Familie
Beschreibung des Künstlers: Die [Bamberger] Synagoge in der Kristalnacht - die ich als zehnjähriger Junge miterlebt habe (Die Synagoge meines Vaters brennt in Flammen – er war der Rabbi).
The [Bamberg] Synagogue burning on Kristalnacht - that I witnessed as a boy of 10 (My father's synagogue aflame - he was the Rabbi)
(Oil on canvas, 70x50 cm)
John Katten Familie
Man sieht ein Ölgemälde vom Künstler tituliert mit: "Mein Verständniss des Holocaust. Es zeigt einen verlauf von dunkel zu hell die farben sind grün und blau töne die von einem Rot/Gelb/Orange Feuer anmutenden Inferno in der Mitte des Bildes unterbrochen werden.
My sense of the Holocaust
(oil on canvas, 70x50 cm)
John Katten & Familie